PR Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PR Plan - Essay Example This will ensure that a new public relations plan can be unfolded and monitored effectively for progress and that shifts in strategy can be made according to achieved progress. (Twittasaur, 2011) Situation: Situation Analysis The company’s internal and external situations need to be established in order to create a benchmark which would be utilised to proceed further. To delineate the company’s internal and external conditions two different kinds of tools are being used. SWOT (Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Strengths) is being used primarily to discover the company’s internal situation. (Menon, 1999) On the other hand the PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) tool is being utilised to comprehend where the market currently stands. (Armstrong, 2006) SWOT Strengths Weaknesses established supply chain for fresh delivery in most areas; only high quality meat used to create sausages; spiced and non spiced meat varieties offered; lowered fat con tent of sausages; British ingredients use ensured; herbs used extensively to promote healthy eating; dedicated and committed workforce. meat cannot be stored for long periods due to small freezers ? demand cannot be fulfilled in certain situations; some flavouring recipes used are French and exotic; operations in Middle England need to be expanded on ground. Opportunities Threats market is expanding after recession; sausage derivatives such as hot dogs can be easily introduced; Middle England is health conscious so a proven healthy food product can easily take over the market. people want more English recipes; fat levels are lowered but certain other brands have lower fat levels. PEST Political There are no bans on meat (such as through Mad cow) and the short term political outlook is healthy for the market. Economic The market is conservative but recovering gradually which will permit greater sales in the longer run. People have the buying power to afford sausages with ease. Social The food market is headed for reform which will enable healthier eating and thus healthier lifestyles. Sausages are becoming popular because of their readymade nature, ease of processing and rich taste. Technological Fat levels can easily be lowered from meat products using technology. Herbs and other spices can easily be added to sausage meat before making sausages. Sausages can be manufactured and transported with relative ease due to technology without compromising their quality. Objectives: Charting a Course Mission Configuring and implementing an effective PR campaign in order to expand â€Å"Banger’s† market share to promote company profits and healthy eating. Business Objectives Increasing sales in Middle England by at least 20% within 90 days of the launch of this campaign; Expanding â€Å"Banger’s† market presence by introducing it to 3 new counties in Middle England within the first month; Promoting the use of sausages as a healthy food item to replace other meat items on consumer shopping lists by 10% in 12 months. Prioritising Marketing Objectives Clear and concise marketing objectives must be established to ensure that a clear direction can be ascertained. (Stone, 2001) Moreover, the objectives have been assessed using SMART (Specific, Measured, Attainable, Realistic, Time bound) to validate them. (Doran, 1981) Two different kinds of markets are being targeted. First are markets where â€Å"

Describe and evaluate two treatments of unipolar depression Essay Example for Free

Describe and evaluate two treatments of unipolar depression Essay Describe and evaluate two treatments for unipolar depression (25 marks). It has been believed that psychological disorders, like physical illnesses, have organic causes. Therefore, mental disorders are treated just like physical ones. Earlier treatments have included things like trepanning which was carried out in the stone again. Nowadays we have much safer and effective treatments such as therapies and drug treatment. Low levels of both noradrenaline (nora) and serotonin (sero) have been found as being important in unipolar depression (UD) and so it seems logical to treat depression with drugs which increase the availability of these neurotransmitters. Tricyclic, a type of anti-depressant, appears to work by blocking the reuptake of nora and sero. They block the transport route that would normally allow these neurotransmitters to be taken back into the pre-synaptic neurones. This means that nora and sero remain in the synapse longer which leads to an increase in the synaptic activity in the neurones. This helps the transmission of impulses to neurones which use up nora and sero. Another type of drug treatment is the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work in a similar way to tricyclics but affect only the levels of serotonin in the synapses. In order to make efficient use of the body’s resources there is a system whereby serotonin isn’t wasted in the synapse but ‘taken back’ by the pre-synaptic neuron. If this mechanism is impaired by using inhibitor drugs then the sero which isn’t received by the post-synaptic neuron remains in the synapse. This extends the duration of the message being transmitted and/or increases the message intensity. Both SSRIs and tricyclics reduce the symptoms of depression and improves mood. However, these drug treatments don’t always work. The success rate for them is around 60% but it varies from person to person, as do the side effects. There is, however, many different types of drug and each may have a  different success rate. It must be remembered that the ‘success’ of drug treatments for one person may be seen as something completely different to another. Kirsch et al collected data for the licensing of four new-generation anti-depressants. These were all SSRIs. A meta-analysis was carried out comparing the improvements seen in patients taking SSRIs with the improvements in control patients who had received placebos. They found that there was ‘no difference at moderate levels of initial depression’ between the improvements of those receiving SSRIs and those receiving placebos. This shows that the placebo appeared to benefit moderately depressed individuals. This could be due to the sufferers being presented with hope of reducing their symptoms. This contrasts with the results found of severely depressed groups who experienced lessened symptoms, which discredits the placebo effect. It could be argued that the drug itself may have a ‘placebo effect’ where a person feels that they are getting better because they are taking a pill, no matter what the pill is. It could be that the person is helping themselves and the drug is simply supplying the idea that they’re getting better when it does nothing to them. Geller et al found that double blind studies showed anti-depressants to be more effective than placebos for children and adolescents. This could be because there are differences in development between children’s and adult’s brains concerning their neurochemistry. Therefore, children and teenagers may not need to use chemistry altering drugs and could just take a placebo instead as they seen to work better than anti-depressants. Furthermore, Ferguson et al found that those treated with SSRIs were twice more likely to attempted suicide than those treated with a placebo. However, a later review found that a higher risk of suicide was amongst adolescents and decreased amongst adults. This supports Geller’s theory that SSRIs are more effective on adults than adolescents, reinforcing Geller’s view. Drugs have been found to be appropriate and effective at preventing relapse and giving the sufferer a good quality of life meaning they can integrate  back into society and return to everyday tasks. Alternatively, research such as Kirsch, Geller and Ferguson is based on correlational studies. This makes it difficult to say whether UD is caused by low levels of neurotransmitters or if it’s visa-versa. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a therapy which treats depression by combining both cognitive and behavioural techniques. The aim of this is to help people who have mental disorders to cope better with their lives and coincidentally feel better. Ellis suggests that depression is due to irrational beliefs but is also maintained by reinforcement. Rational Emotive Behavioural therapy (REBT) aims to replace self-defeating beliefs with adaptive beliefs and uses the ABC model. An example of this is a student getting a good grade for their essay. This is the ‘activating’ of an event. How the person interprets an event or situation is where the ‘belief system’ comes in. The emotional response is then observed which is the ‘consequence’ of the action is. The aim of REBT is to develop a ‘D’ aspect adding a ‘dispute system’ to replace B, adding an adaptive belief, so the person realises they do not have to be perfect. The therapist will ‘test’ patient’s beliefs with actions which challenge their faulty thinking. Often they can be blunt with clients and not show sympathy in order to avoid reinforcing the problem. Cognitive therapy (CT) by Beck involves the use of ‘thought catching’ and ‘behavioural activation’. Thought catching involves the observation of client’s thinking and see how their thoughts influence their feelings. This brings around the realisation that even though their thoughts can seem factual, they are often not. Behavioural activation is where the client is encourage to find activities they might enjoy and put themselves in a position where they may have to deal with ‘cognitive obstacles’ so they can see that they are getting better whilst being active. Butler et al looked at a meta-analyse of the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of a variety of conditions and found it was ‘somewhat superior to anti-depressants in the treatment of adult depression’. This shows that CBT  is highly effective for treating UD as supporting evidence was found across an entire range of data, making the results more reliable due to the large amount of information covered. However, Holmes reported that in ‘the single largest study’ of treatments for depression, CBT appeared to be less effective than other psychotherapies and drug treatments. It was also pointed out that evidence for the effectiveness of CBT comes from studies of patients who have depression but no other symptoms. This suggests that CBT may be less effective for people who have multiple diagnoses or are considered to have comorbidity. It may be that CBT’s nature is to only focus on one mental illness due to how quick it is compared to other treatments for mental health disorders and therefore isn’t able to relieve all. In conclusion, the diathesis-stress model would suggest that someone is born with a predisposition for UD but something from their environment must trigger it in order for them to suffer from it. Therefore it makes sense that a physiological treatment such as drug therapy should be used alongside a psychological therapy such as REBT in order to ensure that the treatment does in fact work as Holmes’, Geller’s and Ferguson’s research has shown it may not.

Business Analysis of Comcast Corporation Essay -- Comcast Business Mar

Business Analysis of Comcast Corporation Comcast Corporation, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the largest cable company in the United States. Comcast develops broadband cable networks and are involved in electronic retailing and television programming content. Comcast was founded in 1963 by Ralph J. Roberts, Daniel Aaron, and Julian A. Brodsky in Tupelo, Mississippi. Entrepreneurs who transformed Comcast from a small cable company to a massive corporation that employs over 68,000 people. Of course, with mergers as well as buying other companies, they were taking a great risk. Their risk taking has been a proven success. The company was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1969 under the name Comcast Corporation from American Cable Systems. Over the next 30 years, Comcast grows to become the well-known company it is today. Moving into the area of programming content, Comcast became majority owner of Comcast-Spectacor, Comcast SportsNet (In Chicago, Philadelphia, and Washington/Baltimore area), and E! Entertainment Television and Style Network, G4, The Golf Channel and the Outdoor Life Network over a period of years. The UK division was sold to NTL (National Transcommunications Limited) in 1998, a European cable/cellular company. After the sale of their cellular division to SBC Communications of San Antonio and the acquisition of Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999, Comcast and MediaOne announced a $60 billion merger, which occurred three years later. In 2001, Comcast announced they would acquire the assets of AT&T Broadband (AT&T’s cable TV service). In 2002 Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States. In 2002, Comcast paid the University of Maryland an undisclosed amount for naming rights to the new basketball arena built on the campus, named Comcast Center. In staying competitive with other companies, Comcast has always tried to have the advantage by offering the latest technology. In 2001, Comcast launched HDTV (High Definition Television). HDTV is a form that provides crystal-clear quality wide-screen pictures with compact disc-quality surround sound. The aspect ratio of HDTV pictures is 16:9 as opposed to today’s 4:3 format. Comcast also launched Video-On-Demand service (VOD) in 2001. VOD, which is now simply called On Demand, allows one to play news, TV progra... ...t losses of affiliates (22) (27) (88) (60) Other income 312 11 394 71 74 (132) (1,098) (2,091) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes and Minority Interest 785 610 1,810 (137) Income tax (expense) benefit (360) (215) (826) 16 Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Minority Interest 425 395 984 (121) Minority interest (2) (12) (14) (97) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations 423 383 970 (218) Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (1) - - - 168 Gain on discontinued operations, net of tax (1) - - - 3,290 Net Income $423 $383 $970 $3,240 Diluted earnings (loss) per common share Income (loss) from continuing operations $0.19 $0.17 $0.43 ($0.10) Income from discontinued operations - - - 0.08 Gain on discontinued operations - - - 1.46 Net Income per common share $0.19 $0.17 $0.43 $1.44 Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding 2,228 2,269 2,250 2,256 1) On September 17, 2003, the Company completed the sale of its approximate 57% interest in QVC, Inc. Accordingly, the results of QVC are presented as discontinued operations. REFERENCE Comcast Website – www.comcast.net Business Analysis of Comcast Corporation Essay -- Comcast Business Mar Business Analysis of Comcast Corporation Comcast Corporation, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the largest cable company in the United States. Comcast develops broadband cable networks and are involved in electronic retailing and television programming content. Comcast was founded in 1963 by Ralph J. Roberts, Daniel Aaron, and Julian A. Brodsky in Tupelo, Mississippi. Entrepreneurs who transformed Comcast from a small cable company to a massive corporation that employs over 68,000 people. Of course, with mergers as well as buying other companies, they were taking a great risk. Their risk taking has been a proven success. The company was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1969 under the name Comcast Corporation from American Cable Systems. Over the next 30 years, Comcast grows to become the well-known company it is today. Moving into the area of programming content, Comcast became majority owner of Comcast-Spectacor, Comcast SportsNet (In Chicago, Philadelphia, and Washington/Baltimore area), and E! Entertainment Television and Style Network, G4, The Golf Channel and the Outdoor Life Network over a period of years. The UK division was sold to NTL (National Transcommunications Limited) in 1998, a European cable/cellular company. After the sale of their cellular division to SBC Communications of San Antonio and the acquisition of Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999, Comcast and MediaOne announced a $60 billion merger, which occurred three years later. In 2001, Comcast announced they would acquire the assets of AT&T Broadband (AT&T’s cable TV service). In 2002 Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T Broadband, thus making Comcast the largest cable television company in the United States. In 2002, Comcast paid the University of Maryland an undisclosed amount for naming rights to the new basketball arena built on the campus, named Comcast Center. In staying competitive with other companies, Comcast has always tried to have the advantage by offering the latest technology. In 2001, Comcast launched HDTV (High Definition Television). HDTV is a form that provides crystal-clear quality wide-screen pictures with compact disc-quality surround sound. The aspect ratio of HDTV pictures is 16:9 as opposed to today’s 4:3 format. Comcast also launched Video-On-Demand service (VOD) in 2001. VOD, which is now simply called On Demand, allows one to play news, TV progra... ...t losses of affiliates (22) (27) (88) (60) Other income 312 11 394 71 74 (132) (1,098) (2,091) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes and Minority Interest 785 610 1,810 (137) Income tax (expense) benefit (360) (215) (826) 16 Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Minority Interest 425 395 984 (121) Minority interest (2) (12) (14) (97) Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations 423 383 970 (218) Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (1) - - - 168 Gain on discontinued operations, net of tax (1) - - - 3,290 Net Income $423 $383 $970 $3,240 Diluted earnings (loss) per common share Income (loss) from continuing operations $0.19 $0.17 $0.43 ($0.10) Income from discontinued operations - - - 0.08 Gain on discontinued operations - - - 1.46 Net Income per common share $0.19 $0.17 $0.43 $1.44 Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding 2,228 2,269 2,250 2,256 1) On September 17, 2003, the Company completed the sale of its approximate 57% interest in QVC, Inc. Accordingly, the results of QVC are presented as discontinued operations. REFERENCE Comcast Website – www.comcast.net

Passionate Anti Smoking Tobacco Essay :: Tobacco Nicotine Cigarettes

Smoking! Why smoking is the most wrong thing you can do to your lungs .it is just not done to be good. I FURIOSLY HATE SMOKING. and when people smoke it has OIL in it. 40,5000 Canadians are killed a year. including my grandma and now I am not with her anymore. I miss her so much I curse the people who brought it to Canada. The kids breath it when they are near the people who are smoking it. do you know what happens to the KIDS who breathe it they can get CANCER . It is such a pity for kids to get cancer and some people have cancer because of their genes because of their parents and their during their pregnancy. Think about all the kids and their stupid genes they got from their lovable parents . there are 4000 chemicals in 1 cigarette. These are the only the smallest fraction of diseases you can get: Lung cancer, cancer of voice box throat and mouth , cancer of pancreas, cervical cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, blatter cancer, leukemia, coronary, circulatory, high blood pressure, LDL, Pneumonia, influenza, the common cold, Peptic ulcers, Tooth decay, Gum disease, Osteoporosis ,Sleep problems ,Cataracts and much MUCH more 1. Smoking hurts your lung’s natural cleaning and repair system and traps cancer-causing chemicals build in your lungs. Smoking destroys the tiny hairs .which line the upper airways and protect against infection. Normally, there is a very thin layer of mucous and thousands of these hairs lining the insides of your breathing tubes. The mucous traps the little bits of dirt and pollution you breath oxygen in, and the hairs move together like a wave to push the dirt-filled mucous out of your lungs. Then you have to waste your time coughing , swallow, or spit up the mucous, and the dirt is out of your lungs. When your lungs' natural cleaning and repair system is hurt, germs, dirt and chemicals from cigarette smoke stay inside your lungs and never come out. This puts you at risk for a cough that never goes away, chest infections, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . 2. Smoking always and permanently damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, making it really hard to breathe. Little air sacs at the tips of your lungs, are built like tiny, stretchy balloons.

Developmental Behavioral

The following concepts are explained by definition and I have provided examples of each as they apply to the developmental behavioral approach. The first one I will discuss Is Negative Reinforcement, This Is the strengthening of a behavior by the removal of an unpleasant consequence. An example of this might be a toddler having a tantrum every time you take his pacifier away, but then as soon as he gets it jack the tantrum stops.So by giving It back to him the behavior was negatively reinforced by the tantrum stopping and us, giving it back to him every time he cries. There are several other concepts that will be discussed next. Intrinsic Reinforcement: Feelings of pleasure and personal satisfaction derived from working on accomplishing a task, discovering something new, or seeing a problem. An example of this is, a child learning to write may get frustrated if they can't get it down Immediately. With a little encouragement and praising the child will continue to try ND not give up.P ositive Reinforcement: Something that follows a response and results in the increase of that particular response. A pleasant consequence. Examples are, helping a child achieve balance when learning to ride a bike, sitting next to the child when they are working hard on an art project, asking questions, nodding and thumbs up on a good Job. Natural and Logical Consequence: Natural consequence would occur without a parent's or teacher's intervention. Logical consequence is determined by an adult that is related to the child's original inappropriate behavior.Examples of these are, a child refusing to take a nap so that they can stay up late to watch their favorite show, consequence Is they child falls asleep early and misses their show. Another example is a child purposely coloring on the table when told not to do that the consequence might be that the child will have to clean that table as well as the other tables. Withdrawing or Withholding Reinforcement: Taking away something special . A child being told several times to share the blocks or they may not play with them.The child continues to be mean so he consequence Is that the blocks get taken away. Incompatible Behavior: an inappropriate and an appropriate behavior can't take place at the same time. A child listening to a story and another child shouts out. The two things can not be done at the same time by the same child t n the Child being Good' Respond positively and reinforce the good behavior. If a child is playing in housekeeping and they are sharing nicely when they normally would not. The child should be praised for doing such a good Job sharing.Reminders, Redirection, Reprimands: A gentle reminder o not do something usually works if it doesn't then a very stern â€Å"NO† at eye level may be needed, followed by a brief explanation. If the child still insists on doing it then they may need to be removed from the situation briefly. The sand box is a good example. The child throwing sand after bein g reminded not to several times might need to sit briefly why throwing sand is not the right thing to do. This brings me to my last few examples. Sit and Watch and Time Out: Sit and watch is a mild time out for children who have a hard time understanding expectations.It meaner the child sits out for a min or two to watch the other children playing appropriately. Time out is an extreme reinforcement it includes removing the teachers attention, other children, materials and equipment. It should be used as a last resort. An example of this is children spitting or biting, they are told that their teeth are not for biting, if they do it again they need to be removed to think about it. They should sit for no more then 1 min for every year of age. If it continues a one on one might be needed to help the child lean about his behavior.

Matagari and Decolonization Essays

Matagari and Decolonization Essays Matagari and Decolonization Paper Matagari and Decolonization Paper â€Å"There are two worlds. There is the world of those who accept things as they are, and there is that of those who want to change things. Which world do you belong to? † (p. 76) Throughout Ngugi wa Thiong’o†s novel, Matigari, the main character proves himself to be a strong, intelligent, peaceful man who appears to have his head on straight and sees the state of the world in the precisely right shade. From page one he allows the reader to gain his trust and from then on you find yourself cringing at the â€Å"upside-down† world Matigari is trying to navigate his way through. The main purpose of this paper is to show that decolonization does not only mean the transfer of power to an independent homeland, as it will not be successful. But rather, it must also encompass the freedom of the nation’s spirit and the personal culture of all its citizens. Matigari ma Njiruungi is a radicalist. The two-day journey that takes place during the course of the novel is an adventure that Matigari embarks upon to try to regain what is rightfully his. This can be a metaphor of sorts in saying that Matigari is really trying to turn the corrupted world of imperialism back on it’s feet, back into something that makes sense. By definition, imperialism is the â€Å"policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas. † Matigari had spent his life, or at least all that he can remember about it, under somebody else’s rule. First being Settler Williams and then the entire opposing government. His story is not unlike that of Kenyan citizens during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The colonial period of Kenya was exhibited by social pressures and intense oppression. The English rulers restricted the voice of the Kenyans and took away their rights of political participation and alike. These imperialistic policies of England triggered a mounting resentment amongst the Kenyans and created many rebellions and protests, just as Matigari had. It’s a known fact that Matigari, the novel, was actually banned from circulation in Kenya soon after its publication. The Kenyan government believed that the story’s character was a real-life revolutionary plotting to overthrow the government. This was obviously not the case, however it just goes to show how unstable the dictatorial government of Kenya was at the time and how this insecure method of rule could actually be the cause of all the backwards, unfair happenings in the world at this time. The underlying motive of this novel involves Matigari gaining his land back. The land and the property that he created with his own bare hands. This metaphor is comparable to the messy decolonization of Kenya in multiple aspects. When under colonial rule the land of Kenya was owned and operated by the white settlers, and native Africans only occupied minimal measures of desolate land, while majority had no land at all. Therefore, land was a huge economical problem during the colonial history of Kenya. After World War II, as the decolonization movement swept across the world, Kenya started its journey toward independence. The political struggle among white settlers, African natives and the colonial government worsened but eventually, division of agricultural land and ownership was settled through bargain. Matigari spends much of the narrative on a quest to find â€Å"truth and justice† but everywhere he goes, and everyone he runs into gives him some piece of advice that leads him back to himself. I believe that this is Ngugi’s way of explaining that native citizens under colonial rule, or under any type of oppression for that matter, have the power to change things themselves. Matigari didn’t know it at the time, but it was his mission, his struggle, that will lead his fictional community to freedom. It was his personal belief and willpower that will lead Muriuki to victory in a life free of imposed and forced practices. Remember that a country’s welfare and stability are dependent on three kinds of people: the wealthy, the soldiers, and the leaders that’s all we need. † (p. 97) This quote, from the minister, farther proves my point that colonial ruled countries tended to not see the big picture as far as their citizens were concerned. A succe ssful, peaceful place would not exist under these types of biases, which is exactly why decolonization took place all around the world. Precisely like Matigari, citizens would no longer stand quietly under unfair conditions. It dawned on him that one could not defeat the enemy with arms alone, but one could also not defeat the enemy with words alone. One had to have the right words; but these words had to be strengthened by the force of arms† (pg. 111). Matigari, although fictional, does a great job of taking its readers through the struggle of an oppressed citizen under colonial rule. It’s an uplifting story that allows the reader to feel capable and able to do our own part to help rid the world of all its upside-down harshness.

The name of the film is The Crucible Essays

The name of the film is The Crucible Essays The name of the film is The Crucible Paper The name of the film is The Crucible Paper The name of the film is The Crucible. The prominent stars of the film are Abigail Williams, whose cries of witchcraft led to the destruction of an entire village. John Proctor, a farmer whose conscience was tested during the witch trails. And Elizabeth Proctor, whose relationships with her husband is characterized by a powerful mix of love, guilt and courage; she too was a victim by Abigail. This drama based on the witch trials in the Salem Village during the 1950s. The Crucible is a mirror that the author of this movie uses to reflect on historical people and events. It is a cruel suspenseful drama of evil and personal conscience. A gang of teenage girls, stifled by the pressure from their elders, held a meeting and dance naked in the woods. One girl, Abigail Williams, her affair with John Proctor caused her to drinks a charm to kill his wife. And suddenly, the Devil is loose in Salem. The girls were discovered. Led and threatened by Abigail, claimed they were overtaken by the Devil, naming various citizens as witches without any evidence. By their terrified accusations, the entire village was consumed by cries of witchcraft. John Proctors reject on Abigail worsen the situation, Abigail was more determine on the witchcraft and her love for John. Deputy Governor, Judges and citizens all fooled by the lies and act of the girls and joined the excitement of witch-hunt. One by one, the blameless victims are torn from their homes. Abigails vengeance turned to Proctors wife. And both John Proctor and his wife are put on trial. Probably the most important element in the success of The Crucible is the costume design and set design in the filmmaking. This movie was beautifully filmed with attention to period costumes, even as far as the hand stitching in the collars. By just looking at the costumes and set design, the audiences can tell approximately the setting. The impressive costumes along with the aged buildings bring the past and ancient feeling out in the film. The costumes for each main character has each style, like John Proctor, his costume brings out his character of a tough man. Elizabeth Proctors costume appeared her as a gracious and kind woman. The costumes really are great and they brought out the first impression to the audience. The acting of this movie are great too, John Proctor brought just the right amount of sexual undertone to his role as the adulterer, yet still believable as an unselfish man. On the other hand, Abigail Williams who seemed as a young helpless girl here fought again the Justice by the lies, hypocrisy, and desire overcome her. In a passionate role, she won the match. With subtle a characterization that built slowly to an overwhelming intensity by the end of the movie. John Proctor and Abigail Williams share a sense of timing and delivery together on screen that makes their relation and love seemed real. It makes the modern audiences to feel the emotions of each character throughout the movie. The film did a great job on the characters personalities, while watching the movie, I can feel the emotion inside me. It is really good for the film to be able to portray a personality. My personal impression of this movie is great. Its not an easy movie to connect with emotion, and keep the audience interested. Good use script, and good acting, filming and picturesque costumes. Historic dramas are always a little boring to those of us who are used to the action movie. However, this drama has none of that, it is suitable to anyone who want to see another style of the modern movie, especially to those who are bored with modern movies.

Introduction Essays (1204 words) - Questionnaire, Survey Methodology

Introduction Essays (1204 words) - Questionnaire, Survey Methodology Introduction Generally the history of British Empire has a very long time been the foremost global power and full of interesting facts. With respects to the history of Britain and it is culture more and more citizens of United Kingdom don't know their past, historical events or just interested in another things like sport or there own life. The research was conducted to find out how many British people know about colonization and what they think about colonization in future; will our generation face such thing. The survey was conducted by asking residents of Cambridge city during the week and weekend days. During the time of research our group tried to get a lot of data and information about particular topic. Each member of the group had work to do and everyone had his or her approach. Moreover, we have produced ten questionnaires for each member of the group; therefore we could get more useful and truthful information but I will talk about methodology later on. After getting questionnaires fifty British people were questioned from different ethnic and age groups. Soon we started analyzing them by comparing with each other etc... In general we have done what we planned. Aims and objectives The main reason that influenced our choice of topic was that we though it would be exciting and complicated to investigate it. When we arrived in the UK we did not even know so much about culture and history of Britain. Personally I knew that Britain has very long history, such as independent country, however I did not know so much information about culture. Our topic is a very deep and interesting to investigate and discuss. Moreover, we trough that if it was harder and more complicated to investigate it would have a better result at the end, because we would give maximum effort to finish our work with reasonable outcomes. Like everybody else we had difficulties on our way, such a designing the questionnaires. It was quite difficult to choose appropriate questions for respondents, so as not to make them feel embarrassed, also I had a problem with investigating, in other words it was quite complicated to choose the best data from the source I used, because our topic was very specific and it was difficult to recognize the main parts. The main aim of our project is to find opinions people about the colonization and also to find what British people know about it. Literature review I have used the book which is called "Last Post" it helps to understand part of English history the book had information I needed, in other words it explained role of colonies in Britain's history. Methodology In our report first as a team we chose the topic with it we haven't any difficulties. After choosing topic we start to construct the questionnaire and think what we want to find and what sample will give for us. I thought that questionnaire would give us clear and easy information to analyze, and that we will not get confused with the data collected. In our research our team had been in different places and asked a lot of people. I had been in city center and it was very interesting for me what British people know and think about colonization, because we live in 21st century and everybody is interested in other issues such as the war in Iraq or global warming. The respondents were surprised when I started to ask about colonization. In general about methodology, I can say that all my respondents were very happy to help me filling in questionnaires because they were relevant and grammatically correct. The second method of research was, as I mentioned above to use of book "Last Post". Basically the book helped to get the information into my head, however I obtained from the idea with questionnaires. In my findings I fully depended on the opinions of British people. Finding and analysis I asked many different age groups, one of them was from twenty to twenty nine and other has from forty to forty nine years old. Obviously the results were different, because the time is changing with its knowledge and traditions. All of our respondents were British nationality except one of the student's of Bellerbys College who was clear in his opinion and gave a good answer. Overall we had twenty-three male and twenty-three female's respondents. The graph below shows number of male and female. [pic] About quarter of respondents were at the age between nineteen and twenty- nine, also between forty and forty-nine, the other rest were between

Transcendentalism in Walden by Henry David Thoreau Research Paper

Transcendentalism in Walden by Henry David Thoreau - Research Paper Example â€Å"What everybody echoes or in silence passes by as true to-day may turn out to be falsehood to-morrow, mere smoke of opinion, which some had trusted for a cloud that would sprinkle fertilizing rain on their fields† (Thoreau, 7). One of the basic princiAdvices may be given by adults to the youths however there is not much of credibility in them for their advice to be taken with such significance. People have different fates and experiences and no 2 different people will have the same circumstances brought up to them. Another principle of transcendentalism is that genuine change is derived from within the person himself and not from others’ influence and it is not to please these people but to please the self. A change is not constituted by outside influence but more on taking in consideration a person’s thought on what the change would do for him rather than if it would please others.The author also did not exclude the word I in the context. Rather Thoreau use d the 1st person way of speaking rather than using the 3rd person which is usually being used by writers in voicing out the writer’s opinions and beliefs. The author contradicts the customary way of writing as he states:In most books, the I, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person speaking. I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew as well.

Bartleby, the scrivener Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bartleby, the scrivener - Essay Example He says that when people smile we think there is no misery in this world. The narrator is feeling closeness to Bartleby because of the strange look the person have on his face. May be the narrator is feeling empathy for Bartleby and wants to share the person’s sadness. He could relate to his problem and feels that being a human he can connect to Bartleby. The narrator feels that there is some mystery behind the person eccentric behavior and weird ways of mannerism. The narrator is thinking deep about the strange situation of Bartleby. The narrator was getting more thoughtful of Bartleby because he is becoming more humane and thinking about the problems faced by Bartleby. The author is getting attracted to Bartley may be because of his unexplained behavior and attitude to work and life. In the climax of the story, the narrator explains that the Bartleby refuses to leave the job. However, the employer had to move his business to another building but still Bartleby refused to leave the office. Here we can see that the narrator is trying to show that Bartleby had a strange connection with this office space. So there is something behind the solitude and sorrow of Bartleby and the office space. In the end new business started in the office but Bartleby remained in the office which shows the connection he has with the place. In the end he was arrested and he remained in the prison doing nothing and starving him to do death which denotes the mystery surrounding his job and his death. The author later discovers that Bartley previously worked in the Dead letter where undelivered mails were got ridden.The author believed that handling such mails of dead people might have affected Bartleby’ sanity. The narrator is stating that the past of Bartleby had a profound effect on the way he was behaving later in his life. He was handling dead letters which was of no use like

Market plan task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Market plan task 2 - Essay Example Based on the company and the current position, it is clear that Starbucks has a strong product profile and the company is very ethical and has also developed products to meet the needs of the children as well. Keeping in mind the current interest in healthier lifestyles, the following recommendations can be made to the company for their marketing. Also a detailed explanation of the marketing mix has also been provided below. The recommended strategy for the company is to develop product extension. Here the company can effectively introduce new products to the current menu. The main aim and target audiences here are the younger customers. Hence the company can introduce the products to meet the needs of these individuals. The following details in the marketing mix helps provide a better understanding on the inclusions that the company can make to their menus as a product expansion. Product: In terms of the products, the company needs to focus on introducing new kid size drinks. These drinks need to be less caffeinated, less sweetened and also need to met the health norms. The products should be available in low calories for young adults below (Hakansson and Waluszewski). Since it is clear that healthier options like fresh fruit juices or other nutritional choices will not help the customers stay away from the high calories (Rudelius). Hence here the company can take an initiative by introducing the same products however with low fat and calories for the children. Place: In terms of place, the company can continue to use the current place for the children as well. Here they can however also include a more appropriate setting and environment for the younger audiences (Jobber). This will help keep up the current environment of the adult audiences and will also provide the younger customers with a more appropriate place (Hakansson and

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital Assignment

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital - Assignment Example These book values are unreliable because they might be significantly different from the current value of these assets. The values of assets and liabilities are based on past transactions that demonstrate no account of the future prospects. A company's assets can be evaluated on the basis of their market values. Market value of shares can be determined when they are traded on a recognised stock exchange. The share values estimated from the current market price are actual values, however this procedure becomes difficult when the company is unquoted. The market value of shares, which is also known as market capitalisation, is obtained by multiplying a company's total shares in issue with the current market price per share. The current market price of Tesco plc is 384.50p per share and Sainsbury plc is 395.00p per share. Hence, the market capitalisation of Tesco and Sainsbury is 3,007m and 663m respectively (see appendix I). P/E ratio is obtained when current market price per share is divided by earning per share. When the same ratio is inversed and earning per share is dividend by market price per share we get Earnings Yield. ... Earning per share is based on accounting profits and is derived form company's financial statements. Tesco plc and Sainsbury plc's EPS is 20.07p and 3.8p respectively. The P/E ratio for Tesco plc is 19.15 and Sainsbury plc is 103.94 (see appendix II), whereas the Earnings Yield of both these companies is 0.052 and 0.009 respectively (see appendix III). Although Sainsbury plc's P/E ratio 103.94 is much higher than that of the Tesco plc i.e., 19.15, yet the earnings yield of Sainsbury plc is much lower than the Tesco plc. The reason is that Sainsbury's EPS is considerably lower than the Tesco. Sainsbury plc is not more valuable than Tesco plc but shareholders perceive Sainsbury to be more valuable than Tesco, as reflected by the market prices of both the company's shares. Bonus shares are provided to shareholders without any cost as a form of dividend in lieu of cash dividends. The issue of bonus shares to the shareholders does not cause shareholders' ownership to diminish, but it leads to the reduction of EPS and increase in P/E ratio. Tesco plc's EPS before dilutive share options was 20.07p per share and after dilution it decreased to 19.79p per share (annual report 2006, p60). Sainsbury plc's basic and diluted earnings are the same i.e., 3.8p per share because the company has closed all the share-options and share-plans (annual report 2006, p42). In the case of Right issues, companies issue shares at a price less than the one prevailing in the market also known as deep discounting. Such issues involve terms such as 1 for 4 etc. Right issues are used to raise long-term finances for a company for its investment decisions. This sort of share issuance also does not lead to a diminution in shareholder ownership, unless rights options are not

Knowing Your School and Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Knowing Your School and Community - Essay Example Martin of Tours Fife campus on August 30, 1993, at 2323 54th Ave. E. Fife, WA 98424. All Saints School conducts CTBS (California Test of Basic Skills) and WASL (Washington Assessment of Student Learning) tests as per the state education department’s assessment standards. The CTBS is a computer-based test that provides a ranking on the national level of a specific grade. The average national score for CTBS is 50% to rank a student’s score. The WASL is a written test where a student has to reach a certain standard of marks, which is a percentage score of the students taking the test to achieve the standard set by the state education department (http://www.allsaintspuyallup.org/info_test_scores.htm). All students are supposed to reach the grade-levels set by the Catholic Archdiocese, matching with the recommended Washington state â€Å"Essential Academic Learning Requirements.† Complete information on the grade-level expectations is given in the Parent/Student Handbook also (http://www.allsaintspuyallup.org/info_grade_level_exp.htm). Students get trimester report cards where progress report on each subject is displayed for improving the performance so that they know their strong and weak areas. Generally, students score above the state and national averages in the tests given from time to time (http://www.allsaintspuyallup.org/brochure.pdf). Report cards don’t provide a complete view of a student progress. A meeting with the teacher provides a clear picture of the progress of a child in totality. Parents are intimated of any such meeting to discuss the issues concerning a student’s report card is required. Students are given admission without any discrimination on the basis of race, sex, color, national and ethnic origin, age, and any physical handicap.  

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital Assignment

Valuation of Securities and Cost of Capital - Assignment Example These book values are unreliable because they might be significantly different from the current value of these assets. The values of assets and liabilities are based on past transactions that demonstrate no account of the future prospects. A company's assets can be evaluated on the basis of their market values. Market value of shares can be determined when they are traded on a recognised stock exchange. The share values estimated from the current market price are actual values, however this procedure becomes difficult when the company is unquoted. The market value of shares, which is also known as market capitalisation, is obtained by multiplying a company's total shares in issue with the current market price per share. The current market price of Tesco plc is 384.50p per share and Sainsbury plc is 395.00p per share. Hence, the market capitalisation of Tesco and Sainsbury is 3,007m and 663m respectively (see appendix I). P/E ratio is obtained when current market price per share is divided by earning per share. When the same ratio is inversed and earning per share is dividend by market price per share we get Earnings Yield. ... Earning per share is based on accounting profits and is derived form company's financial statements. Tesco plc and Sainsbury plc's EPS is 20.07p and 3.8p respectively. The P/E ratio for Tesco plc is 19.15 and Sainsbury plc is 103.94 (see appendix II), whereas the Earnings Yield of both these companies is 0.052 and 0.009 respectively (see appendix III). Although Sainsbury plc's P/E ratio 103.94 is much higher than that of the Tesco plc i.e., 19.15, yet the earnings yield of Sainsbury plc is much lower than the Tesco plc. The reason is that Sainsbury's EPS is considerably lower than the Tesco. Sainsbury plc is not more valuable than Tesco plc but shareholders perceive Sainsbury to be more valuable than Tesco, as reflected by the market prices of both the company's shares. Bonus shares are provided to shareholders without any cost as a form of dividend in lieu of cash dividends. The issue of bonus shares to the shareholders does not cause shareholders' ownership to diminish, but it leads to the reduction of EPS and increase in P/E ratio. Tesco plc's EPS before dilutive share options was 20.07p per share and after dilution it decreased to 19.79p per share (annual report 2006, p60). Sainsbury plc's basic and diluted earnings are the same i.e., 3.8p per share because the company has closed all the share-options and share-plans (annual report 2006, p42). In the case of Right issues, companies issue shares at a price less than the one prevailing in the market also known as deep discounting. Such issues involve terms such as 1 for 4 etc. Right issues are used to raise long-term finances for a company for its investment decisions. This sort of share issuance also does not lead to a diminution in shareholder ownership, unless rights options are not

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting - Assignment Example It is his intention to obtain funds from bank to procure the fixed assets required for production of the product. The start-up costs for Personal Fitness Equipment Inc. are estimated at $1,50,000. All start-up assumptions are based on an actual infusion of $50,000 in the form of capital to be introduced by Dr.John. The balance amount of $ 1,00,000 is proposed to be brought in through Bank Finance at the interest rate of 3%. Certain portion of the funds will be utilized to procure raw materials to fund production of initial inventory. A company office would be located at the Atlanta market area. Available office space has been located in Atlanta. This office space is small and may be secured at nominal cost. As needs dictate office and/or distribution facilities will be expanded. Initially, the small office will serve to manage marketing functions and sales/order processing. Personal Fitness Equipment Inc, is in the business of manufacturing Fitness equipments for personal use. The promoter has come up with a unique design of Personal Fitness Equipment (PFE). This equipment is easy to use and is being priced at a cheaper rate. The main feature of this equipment is the safety standards and the wide range of exercises that can be performed with this equipment. The equipment is proposed to be made with metal of ideal weight. This product designed by Dr. John can be produced at low cost, is lightweight, independent tests have been performed at university and Local Gyms. The users have given positive feedback that the regularity of their physical exercise has increased after purchasing this product. The Appendix section has all the relevant Financial Projections. The sales forecast for the first year of operation is estimated at USD 500000. The company is expected to earn Gross profit at the rate of 54% of the turnover. The net profit of the company is estimated at USD 113770, which workout to about 23% of the turnover.

Cost Reduction Techniques Essay Example for Free

Cost Reduction Techniques Essay Forms Management in Today’s Modern Business a) The basis of forms management b) Future of forms management c) Creating a forms program d) Organizing a forms program e) Steps to establish a program f) Implementing and maintaining the program g) Reports to management Techniques to Reduce the Cost of Paperwork Cycle Time a) What the history shows! b) Analyzing your paperwork costs c) Establishing your operational flow d) Formulation of the BPI application e) Forms to use in a BPI review f) Checklist procedures II. III. IV. V. VI. MRP in Purchasing and Inventory Management a) What a systemized plan confers b) Making plans complimentary c) Symptoms problems of MRP d) MRP conversions e) Knowing the cost of inventory f) How to control inventory investment; 1) VMI applications 2) Baby â€Å"k† savings g) How best to dispose of obsolete materials VII. Productivity Improvement and Cost Controls a) Organizing for productivity improvements b) Performance measurements and improvements c) Expected payoff and benefits d) Applying Activity Based Costing to a process VIII. Quality Assurance as a Cost Reduction Application a) What quality control really is b) Establishing a quality policy c) Analyzing specific process costs d) Quality cost components e) Types of quality methods to apply; 1) standards methods 2) process charts 3) SPC applications 4) 6~Sigma control IX. Product Engineering Production Techniques a) Value Analysis b) Value Engineering c) Computerized techniques d) JIT Models e) Applying JIT techniques f) Product Engineering g) Re-manufacturing Cost Reduction Methods in Maintenance a) Preventive maintenance X. b) c) d) e) f) g) h) XI. More maintenance tips and applications Energy reduction Cases of energy reduction savings Purchasing machinery Getting your moneys worth Reliability vs. total cost Other machine cost reduction ideas Cost Estimating and Control to Reduce Expenditures a) Cost per direct labor b) Analyzing manufacturing costs c) Breakeven analysis d) Impact of parts shortages on labor costs e) Network analysis f) PERT/CPM applications g) PERT/CPM calculations h) Cost reduction ratios XII. Cost Reduction Strategies in Marketing a) Using the computer for market analysis b) Segmentation analysis c) Balancing cost reduction with customer satisfaction d) How to apply the 80/20 rule for reducing efficiencies XII. Miscellaneous Cost Reductions a) Conducting a better business plan b) Cash management services c) Improving plant layout and design d) Vehicle economy e) Office efficient applications f) Pay for knowledge g) Successful EDI/EFT applications and savings h) How to choose a consultant i) Reducing travel costs j) Money savings in your mailroom k) Recycling paper XIV. Summary of the Session

Strategic Supply Chain Management Business Essay

Strategic Supply Chain Management Business Essay Abstract In early stages supply chains were seen as just the supply process from a companys immediate supplier through to the immediate customer. They had their own goals, targets, deadlines, margins, and policies and also all these were depend on them based on how to cater the market demand. It is easy to perform especially in a monopoly market with very few outlets which is spread in a limited area. But when the business is growing they have to take solid decisions about expansion policies as well as the integration of supply chain operations to survive in the market and to gain the competitive advantage with the rapidly changing competitive climate. The manufacturing industry faces great challenges equally as any other industry, which is a result of economic crisis, especially when it comes to the diversified, large-scale companies with huge expansions and a customer base, as Singer Sri Lanka PLC. In particular to perform in the current competitive environment its not only the existing methods are important, but the latest logistics and supply chain management practices are matters a lot as well. Time has changed and out thinking about the way we manage our improvement activities also has to change. Good is not good enough Only our very best will attract the customers in todays competitive environment. Producing an excellent product is not cut the mustard today. Over the years Singer (Sri Lanka) structure has strengthen immensely to incorporate with the strategies formulated to face the changes in the environment. A critical study was carried out to understand the major competitive priorities in current supply chain of Singer Sri Lanka PLC; the supply chain management principles, strategies and techniques that are used in achieving these competitive priorities; other possible tools which could be used for improving the present performance of the organization and how the company can go beyond the excellence by using these practices as well. (Abstract is not included in the word count) 1.0 Scope of the Assignment To investigate Singer Sri Lanka PLCs supply chain with a view to, Understanding the supply chain systems and operations and to assess its impact on the chain. Identify the current supply chain strategies and the influence from various market conditions. Make recommendations in order to improve the current supply chain in the company and over come the identified critical issues and challenges by applying strategic supply chain management principles. Company Overview Singer Sri Lanka Started its operation in 1872 in Sri Lanka and is a Company that has grown over the years into a benchmark entity in Sri Lanka in terms of popularity, modernity and reach. Singer today is synonymous with quality, wide reach, and wide product range across diverse lines and wide appeal to consumers across the entire spectrum of buying power. Source -Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC Annual report Singer Sri Lanka PLC is a diversified, large-scale company, which was established and started its operations with few shops and now Singer has nearly 550 retail outlets spread all over the country with a group of more than thousand permanent employees. Furthermore Singer has widely spreaded distribution channels, such as Singer Plus, companys largest distribution channel, Singer Mega ,which optimises true modern trade retailing, promising a shopping experience on par with the best in the world, Singer Homes, the furniture store contributed to offer high quality and stylish furniture, Sisil World, promotes mainly Sisil brand products and it is the second slot in the distribution hierarchy, Singer Wholesale, Satellite shops and Duty Free etc are the other channels of distribution. Singers product portfolio is highly diversified and consists of products across a range of household, industrial and financial categories. Singer product portfolio: (Source: Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC Annual report 2009) Organization Structure Pyramid Singer Organization structure consists of three main management levels which include Junior, Middle and Senior. Senior and middle levels has two sub layers as illustrated below. A Foreign Component Suppliers B Local Component Suppliers Prodimix International Germany Arpico Haffle Fittings Italy Regional Sharpeners Dolken Company Germany St. Anthonys Company Hevea Company Malaysia Laminex Company Australia C Other Local Suppliers D Foreign Suppliers Soft Logic National/ Panasonic Epsi Computers Sony Craft Suppliers Samsung Nilkamal Hitachi TCL Whirlpool Wedge Unix E Retail Outlets F Corporate Customers Singer Mega Dilmah Singer Homes Nestle Singer plus John Keels Holdings Sisil World Media Services (Pvt) Ltd. The Supply Chain Competition Supply Chain is a network of connected and interdependent organizations mutually and co-operatively working together to control, manage and improve the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end users (Source: Christopher 2005, p.6) It is clear that current world companies cannot act individually and survive or gain a competitive advantage in the market for a long run. Therefore supply chain integration is a powerful concept for survival and growth in todays business environment. A product or a service should have key attributes to be competitive in the market place, which are known as the competitive priorities. The competitive priorities may change with the market segment. For example, when consider the Singer customers in a rural area may be interested primarily in the cost of product while the customers in urban areas are interested in quality of the same product. 3.1 Identifying the Competitive Priorities Cost Advantage: This is a strategy where the company seeks efficient facilities and uses tight cost controls to produce products more efficiently and effectively than competitors. Singer Sri Lanka had only around 10 brands in early 2000 and mainly concentrated on market penetration by providing affordable products to the mass market. In order to bring down the price, the company has moved to strategic sourcing of its major brands through an intermediary which purchases for the entire south Asian region which affects economies of scale. Eg: i. Discontinued the TV plant at Singer Industries Ltd., Ratmalana in 2001 and started sourcing form China. ii. Started the factory in Piliyandala for furniture water pumps to reduce imports as well as duties and offered innovative products at a competitive prices. At the same time manufacturing plants should plan their systems in such a way that all resources such as material, labour and machines are efficiently used to bring down the cost significantly. Also company should make sure to keep sufficient margin to cover all other overheads before going to reduce the selling price to get more volumes. This can be illustrated as follows; Value Advantage: Customers dont buy products, they buy benefits Adding value through differentiation is a powerful concept of achieving a defensible advantage in the market. Singer has moved to a differentiation and multi brand strategy to enter into a new era of retailing. In all categories, different brands positioned to appeal different customer segments. Singer trade name has changed to SINGER plus from SINGER on 1st of January 2007 and the slogan to MORE BRAND MORE CHOICE. It enables to increase the appeal to customers and the message of choice available in the stores and adds differential plus over competitive offerings. Singer adds value through service by providing unmatched service to their customers by giving not just a product but with a full package which includes super shopping environment, friendly customer care staff, product demonstration, discount schemes, easy payment schemes, free delivery to the door step, free installation, customer training, free services for selected items like A/Cs, extended warranty scheme, excellent after sales service, etc. When considering the product designs, certain designs may increase inventory holding or transportation costs with long manufacturing lead time. In Singer basically in furniture factories this issue can be seen. This will be a huge impact on the whole production of Singer factories if not properly address the problem. Multi Channel Strategy (Source: Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC Annual report 2007) Delivery Lead Time : Consumers in all markets, industrial or consumer are increasingly time sensitive and this is reflected in their purchasing behavior. This should be visible from the time of manufacturing to the delivery of the item. In all the Singer factories they use Computer Numerical Control (CNC Programmable machines) to make sure speedy, efficient and reliable manufacturing process. As a policy they also maintain average three months finished goods inventory in all the stock keeping units (SKUs) in general and 1.5 to 2 months finished goods inventory for identified fast moving items in the sub warehouse. Singer also has the island wide distribution network with more than 500 shops and goods are transporting everyday to all the locations from the central warehouse. Shops are also permit to keep sufficient inventory in their stores. But here the main issue is that the uncertainty of holding more inventories. Though they have reduced their lead-time, with the volatility of the markets some times they have resulted in excess inventory situations, where sometimes the loss can be very high. This is mainly for the items such as televisions, refrigerators and white goods (washing machines, home theatre systems) etc. since these can be out dated with the new technology enhancements. This should be addressed for an immediate solution, because it can have a huge impact on the whole supply chain in the long run. Quality: Quality should be there in every aspect including design quality, process quality, product quality, service quality, etc. While maintaining ISO 9001:2000 standards Singer Sri Lanka factories make sure that every item produced up to the required or expected level in terms of both quality of conformance and quality of design. In overall companys point of view it is also a crucial factor to maintain the balance approach between the price and quality of all the products. So to have a full range of products in each category company has decided to go with multi brand strategy, where the company doesnt want to compromise quality and damage the brand image due to get the price advantage. Analysis of key areas in Singer Supply Chain Analysis of the above competitive priorities has given a clear insight about the issues that can be impacted on the current supply chain and also here I would like to draw the attention on major key areas which should be considered to have an effective and efficient integrated network for the business organization. Areas to be reviewed; Supply chain competitive strategy Supply chain agility, flexibility and responsiveness How well the supply chain is synchronized 4.1 Supply Chain Competitive Strategy Competitive context of business continues to change basically because of four major reasons; i. The new rules of competition ii. Globalization of industry iii. Downward pressure on price iv. Customers take power to demand on goods/ services Analysis of Current Situation Currently Singer Sri Lanka has an internally integrated system which provides mainly an end to end planning framework and they highly depend on the hierarchy. So there is a high possibility of delaying the decisions due to lack of confidence and authority levels. Also the focus on reducing obsolescence properly is also a major issue. Possible Strategic Recommendations Singer Sri Lanka has to move ahead with external integration with their international suppliers this will lead to manage better up stream and down stream interaction in order to maintain an effective and efficient value chain and to get a better cost advantage. By having an effective ERP system they can handle all the transactions and information regarding the manufacturing, logistics, distribution, shipping, invoicing, accounting, human resources, shop sales, market campaigns, bargain or auction sales, promotion activities, etc. through this and also by applying internet, intranet and extranet facilities the company can avoid having excess inventories and maintain a proper inventory which is aligned with customer needs, especially when it comes to the multi brand multi channel concept. The other important fact is to identify the power position of Singer relative to their suppliers and customers with regard to the scale matters. Finally in this aspect they have to focus on managing 4Rs (responsiveness, reliability, resilience, relationships) thoroughly to strengthen the linkages between the customers and suppliers, where the competitor would find hard to break. Best fit in an organization can be illustrated as follows; 4.2 Supply Chain Agility, Flexibility and Responsiveness Demand in todays volatile markets causes most of the current pressure on supply chains to compete as networks and to use planned network configurations to drive flexibility, agility and responsiveness. Agile or Lean? Analysis of Current Situation In the current status of Singer Sri Lanka, they keep sufficient stocks of finished goods in ware houses of each channel and also raw materials at the main Singer factories, where some times it can cause huge losses because of excess of stocks. Though the overall lead time is reduced when under taking special orders such as providing customized items for corporate clients locally or internationally, there can be situations where timely response may be poor. Possible Strategic Recommendations By making the supply chain more agile it can make the operation of the company more smoother. For this applying the seven principles which is given in Table 1will be important. Efficient responsiveness should be improved by de-coupling the up stream and down stream processes and utilizing the principles of postponement wherever possible. As the company strongly believe that there should be a flexibility and variability in all categories. It can be improved by developing new products, by incorporating some product changes to fit the customer specifications and also quickly able to respond increasing and decreasing demand due to the seasonal sales pattern and also can position different brads to appeal the different customer segments in terms of quality and the price. Table 1: Basic Principles for the creation of agile supply chain Principle Application Synchronize activities through shared information Needs to enhance the companys new IT systems (ERP system, Electronic fund transfer, Internet, e-mail etc.) which enable effective on line purchasing other services Work Smarter not harder Reduce non value adding activities such as manual activities identify the parallel processes in the company (already this is done up to certain level of transactions) Partner suppliers to reduce inbound lead times Work more closer with suppliers and share information about different demand schedules to reduce time delays Seek to reduce complexity Enhance the advance capabilities of information systems increase the transparency of processes to reduce confusion delays Postpone the final configuration This is already being used for certain range of items Manage processes not just functions Needs to manage across its supply chain or the inter related cross functional processes to be more flexible agile in responding to demand Utilise appropriate performance metrics Singer already uses performance monitoring metrics, but can make out the other possibilities which fits the structure of the organization do necessary modifications design improvements Enhance the supply chain strategies through agility: 4.3 How well the Singer Sri Lanka Supply Chain is Synchronized? Synchronization implies that each stage in the supply chain is connected to the other and that they all march to the same drumbeat. The way in which entities in a supply chain become connected is through shared information. (Source: Christopher 2005, p.177) Key processes that needs to be linked, up stream and down stream to supply chain synchronization of Singer Sri Lanka: Key Processes Analysis of Current Situation Possible Strategic Recommendations Planning Scheduling This is done by sharing information between each tier, but the main focus is on the first tier customers suppliers. Properly linked information system should be implemented with an integrated ERP system in order to have a proper control over the lead time inventory. Design Since the poor communication with the tier 2 suppliers it has lead to a lack of market innovation and confidence about new design developments IT based systems (e-mails, internet etc.) can be used to optimize the connectivity among all the tiers New Product Introduction Though this is done through the differentiation strategies, still there are loop holes where the trends are not clearly identified and communicated When this comes to the bulk production it is essential to identify obsolete items and replace them with new product designs. to gain competitive advantage For this properly linked network channel is essential Product Content Management When a change is required it has implemented after going through a very long process where totally based on the hierarchy of management, which is very time consuming and complex Should have a proper alignment with the strategies and the critical processes in the supply chain to minimize the impact over the customers Order Management Most of the main suppliers have their own individual order tracking systems and basically the order processing is done by basic methods as communicating via telephones, where timeliness is a question To increase the agility with the highly volatile market demands Singer has to be inline with new technological advancements where they can reduce the order management time and optimize the efficiency of the whole supply chain Sourcing Procurement This is performed well in the current system, but this is limited due to high confidentiality As some of the suppliers work with competitors this should be remain but can be improve the visibility by having strategic partnerships Properly synchronized system would be as follows: 4.4 Other recommendations for further improvements in supply chain management: Mini Warehouse Concept: Since singer has more than 500 retail shops islandwide, keeping sufficient stock at each locations is involving considerable amount of money. So its better to locate mini warehouses in each district to maintain required inventories. Be Green Through Reverse Logistics: Company can reverting back all outdated and obsolete goods directly from the customers and try to send these to their suppliers at a nominal amount, which they are sometimes in a position to upgrade the products again. This reverse logistic concept can extend into having a more greeny environment as a responsible corporate citizen. Convert Major Suppliers Into Strategic Partners: Singer can try to discuss with its major international suppliers and convert them to strategic partners via joint venture or partnership agreements, which would enable to have a long lasting business relationship to both parties. Optimize Supply Chain: By nature consumer durable market is categorized as a seasonal market. Singer sales pattern has two main seasonal effects throughout the year (Apr/May and Nov/Dec). Its quite common to run out of the stock during seasonal times and having excess stock during off seasons. Both ways this is not good for the company since they are loosing customers during the season while considerable amount of money tied up in the inventory during the off season period. Structure Vs Strategy: Companys typical tall hierarchical structure in not infavour of the decision making system since each minor decisions should go above the line to the top hierarchy, which takes lots of time to get the final decision to the down the layers. If the company can adequately empowered its middle and first line managers company can be more proactive than the existing situation. Red to Blue Ocean Strategy: Singer has number of head to head competitors in the market who are engaging in the business in similar nature. So company can immediately identify its strengths and competitive priorities (which can be experienced management team, islandwide network, etc) to be edge over the others in the competitive environment. In other words they can enjoy lots of advantages by following the Blue ocean strategy. 5.0 Conclusion Supply Chain Management principles and techniques are not common to all the industries. Some times it can be a complex scenario in which it also change time to time due to internal industrial factors such as union actions, product line changes, design changes, etc. and due to external factors such as changes in economic condition, other company rules and regulations imposed by the government, new market competition, international market forces, etc. Singer Sri Lanka has strong formulated strategies and also as per the analysis carried out considering the strategic recommendations will be more effective in achieving sustainable competitive advantage in the industry by efficiently managing its supply chain. So it is vital to be more realistic when selecting the proper supply chain management principles and tools in a highly volatile and dynamic environment. This also can be result in reflecting the bottom line profitability of the organization.

Philippine Attacks :: essays research papers

ZAMBOANGA, Philippines (AP) - Philippine forces launched attacks on three southern islands in an effort to wipe out the guerrillas who held a U.S. couple hostage for more than a year, military officers said Sunday. The assaults, which started Saturday after one of the Americans and a Philippine captive died in a rescue attempt, are aimed at the top three commanders of the Islamic militant group Abu Sayyaf, said Philippine Maj. Gen. Ernesto Carolina. Martin Burnham, 42, and Ediborah Yap, 45, died in a shootout Friday when government troops ambushed their captors in jungles of the main southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Burnham's wife Gracia was shot through the thigh but rescued. "We're now operating with greater ZAMBOANGA, Philippines (AP) - Philippine forces launched attacks on three southern islands in an effort to wipe out the guerrillas who held a U.S. couple hostage for more than a year, military officers said Sunday. The assaults, which started Saturday after one of the Americans and a Philippine captive died in a rescue attempt, are aimed at the top three commanders of the Islamic militant group Abu Sayyaf, said Philippine Maj. Gen. Ernesto Carolina. Martin Burnham, 42, and Ediborah Yap, 45, died in a shootout Friday when government troops ambushed their captors in jungles of the main southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Burnham's wife Gracia was shot through the thigh but rescued. "We're now operating with greater intensity. We will not let them get away with this," said Carolina, head of southern Philippine forces. He said no clashes were reported as of Sunday morning. Carolina said 1,500 and 1,800 soldiers would arrive in the next three days to back troops already hunting the Abu Sayyaf on the islands of Jolo, Basilan and the province of Zamboanga del Norte on Mindanao. "We will have to finish this war because terrorism is a scourge on the Earth," President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo said Sunday. All three mountainous, jungle-covered areas stand in a 60-mile stretch of the Sulu Sea in the southwestern Philippines. It wasn't clear how many troops were already involved in the operations, but thousands of soldiers have been in the area for months - since the military launched its offensive after the Abu Sayyaf seized the Burnhams and several other hostages in May 2001. Carolina said soldiers on Mindanao were hunting Abu Sayyaf leader Abu Sabaya, who fled into dense jungle with about 40 men after the army attacked them during Friday's rescue mission. (AP) Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, right, extends her condolences to the family of slain.

Essay --

The suffrage movement first emerged at the turn of the century and Civil War when African American slaves were denied the right to vote, a benefit that a majority agreed was associated with citizenship, and therefore should be applicable to all freed slaves. This set the grounds for a suffrage movement that later evolved into a larger issue centered on antislavery reform. Joining together to fight for benefits that were being withheld from American citizens, the role of women came into play during this time as the most active abolitionists who came together to organize petitions, conventions, and raise funds to help further the movement. Women played a vital role in being heard through protests and local publications of their thoughts. Novels such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Clotel, along with articles in popular news publications, shed much light and attention on anti-slavery reform, while also sparking the inspiration for women’s rights (Britton, 2006). As this movement was slowly developing, women continued to fight for anti-slavery reform. During this, opponents to women participation in the efforts came forth and voiced their own critical opinions. Around 1837, the General Association of Congregational Ministers of Massachusetts had issued their "Pastoral Letter," a response to the political activity of the Grimke’s, two sisters who were heavily active and public in their fight for anti-slavery reform. In this letter, the ministers urged women to reject stepping out of the â€Å"public sphere† and to instead embrace the private, encouraging "the cultivation of private Christian character, and private efforts for the spiritual good of individuals" (General Association, 2006). In response to these views, Susan Grimke challenged the le... ...of the electoral vote in critical swing states necessary for Obama’s reelection victory (Casserly, 2012). Candidates now address issues entirely centered on women’s needs and concerns, knowing any win is impossible without support of female voters. This validates the current power women hold in the political arena today, and the impact their voice has made to society since being granted the freedom to vote. Through the use of messages such as public conventions, speeches, literary pieces, published works, unions, groups, and memorabilia, the suffrage movement’s goal of achieving equal voting rights for women to be the same as men can be credited as providing the stomping grounds for women to seek a stronger hand in society and to the evolution of women’s rights to include equal freedoms to men in arenas such as education, the work force, and military involvement.

Antitrypsin Deficiency: The Genetic Disorder

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AAD) was first described in 1963, and of the five patients identified, three were found to have severe emphysema at an early age. Subsequent studies that the deficiency was inherited, and in most of the early studies, emphysema and chronic bronchitis were common features.The deficiency was shown to be associated with a marked reduction in the ability of the plasma to inhibit the serine proteinase trypsin, and later studies showed that this also reflected an inability of the serum to inhibit the enzyme neutrophil elastase (Pauwels, Postma, and Weiss, 2004 p.446). Human neutrophil elastase was shown to produce both emphysema and chronic bronchial disease in animal models. Emphysema can be directly inherited via a single gene defect. The genetic disorder, known as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, results from a defective gene transmitted by each parent equally to the affected offspring. This gene codes for the enzyme antitrypsin, which, when deficient, res ults in the loss of normal lung elasticity and in progressive overinflation and destruction of lung tissue.Antitrypsin deficiency is also the most common genetic cause of childhood liver disease (cirrhosis) and the most common reason for liver transplantation in children. A family history of early onset emphysema or childhood liver disease points toward this diagnosis, which can be confirmed by DNA analysis. DNA testing can be used to detect carriers of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency as well as to facilitate prenatal diagnosis for a couple found to be carriers, who face a 25 percent risk of having an affected child (Millunsky, 2001 p. 128-129). Scope and LimitationsAAD is one of the rarest diagnosed conditions in our current time; hence, focused study of such condition is essential. The case study involves the subject of pathological conditions linked with the condition of progression of defective genetic manifestations. Utilizing physiological and genetical approach, we shall cente r into the discussion of the disease causation, processes and manifestations involved. It is indeed essential to employ the principles of wellness and its components. The following shall be utilized in the overall study. A.To be able to determine and elaborate the actual disease processes involved, as well as the disease conditions manifested B. To be able to relate genetic causalities and factors in the aspects of disease progression utilizing the domains, components, and principles of wellness C. To be able to provide necessary health interventions, suggest enhancing lifestyle modifications and preventive behaviors related to the condition imposed Purpose of the Study The value significance of this study provides awareness to the public especially in terms of what can these contributing factors impregnate to the condition occurrence.Most likely, the degenerative character of AAD is very much rehabilitated if this awareness is enhanced through education. The study mainly expands he alth awareness on both AAD patients and non-patients who are greatly may or otherwise exposed in factors that contribute to its genetic occurrence. Moreover, the knowledge on this topic may further aid the patients and those involved in the reduction of anxiety and ignorance of the condition imposed. Discussion The Functions of ? 1-Antitrypsin and Involved MediatorsBlood and other body fluids contain a serum protein classified as an alpha-a globulin that is capable of neutralizing trypsin and many other proteolytic (protein digesting) enzymes such as fibrinolysis and thrombin (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39; Crowley, 2004 p. 399). This specialized protein is called alpha-1 antitrypsin, and its concentration in the blood is generally determined. Most individuals produce normal amounts of antitrypsin, others are severely deficient, and a third group have subnormal levels of this protein (Crowley, 2004 p. 399).?1-Antitrypsin (AA) is an inhibitor of serine protease in general but its m ost important targets are neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3, proteases released by activated neutrophils. Several line of evidence suggest that inhibition of these neutrophil proteases is the major physiologic function of AA (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39). †¢ First, individuals with AAD are susceptible to premature development of emphysema, a lesion that can be induced in experimental animals by instillation of excessive amounts of neutrophil elastase.These observations have led to the concept that destructive lung disease may result from the perturbation of the net balance of elastase and AA within the local environment of the lung. †¢ Second, the kinetics of association for AA and neutrophil elastase are more favorable, by several orders of magnitude, than those for AA and any other serine protease. †¢ Third, AA constitutes more than 90% of the neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity in one body fluid that has been examined, pulmonary alveolar la vage fluid (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549).AA is the archetype of serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) supergene family. Its primary function is inhibition during the host response to inflammation/tissue injury, for which it has been termed a hepatic acute-phase reactant (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549; Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39). AA acts competitively by allowing its target enzymes to bind directly to a subrate-like region within its reactive center loop. The reaction between enzyme and inhibitor is essentially second order, and the resulting complex contains one molecule of each of the reactants (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p.39; Fessler, reiley and Sugarbaker, 2004 p. 155). A reactive-site peptide bond within the inhibitor is hydrolyzed during the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Hydrolysis of this bond; however, does not proceed to completion (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549). The predominant site of synthesis of plasma AA is in located biologically in the liver wherein in most clearly shown by conversion of plasma AA to the donor phenotype after orthoptopic liver transplantation (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p.39; Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, 2007 p. 551). It is synthesized in human hepatoma cells as a 52-kDa precursor; undergoes post translational, dolichol phosphate-linked glycosylation at three asparagines residues, and undergoes tyrosine sulfation. It is secreted as a 55-kDa native single-chain glycoprotein with a half time for secretion of 35 to 40 minutes (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, 2007 p. 551). The absence or insufficiency of AA initiates genetic anomaly in terms of failure to suppress immunity response (Porth, 2007 p. 501).

How Will You Avoid Plagiarism Commerce Essay

Leadership is a quality to direct the people but what is more of import than an ability to direct is to procure obeisance from the audience about that way. Peoples are a crowd and to carry and actuate them to travel for something jointly is the undertaking of leading. A leader knits these people into a squad and so steer how to move in integrity. A leader motivates his squad with his action, personality and personal appeal to follow and execute the undertaking given whole heartedly. However, this function of leading is excessively general and seems easy to execute. This undertaking becomes more and more hard when there is a demand of persuasion to travel for martyrdom. In uniformed services, be it arm forces, constabulary, fire brigade or any other, the employees are non merely like any other employee in civil set ups. Their functions and responsibilities are different from all the others and hence needs a different kind of motivational degree to execute their hazardous responsibilit ies. It must be kept in head that during the public presentation of responsibilities, there is a hazard of life which is otherwise negligible in any service other than those mentioned above. UK constabulary is one of the most professional constabulary force around the universe and is known for their professionalism, dedication, public presentation and motivational committedness toward their responsibilities and state as a whole. Like any other force, it needs motive to transport on its committedness degree. On organisational degree, there are a figure of motivational factors and theories which are working to maintain this motivational degree at the top of the universe, but there is another factor which provides a roadmap for the organisation towards professional committednesss. This is leading. Leadership is the beacon visible radiation for the employees and a leader by his stature, committedness, and energy to execute his responsibilities impress upon the other employees and actuate them for the martyrdom in public presentation of their responsibilities. On many cases there are a figure of known leaders in the history of UK patroling who have provide a motivational base for the employees and the impacts of the same travelled a long manner and kept the constabulary section proud for times to come. The function of leading has a relationship with the motivational degree of the organisation.3. Preliminary Review of the LiteratureGive a brief critical reappraisal of the literature that you have read in composing the proposal and explicate how these mentions relate to your undertaking. Do n't bury to give a list of beginnings used ( a lower limit of 6 ) – usage the Harvard Referencing system. Have you a conceptual model? If so, include. Justify the demand for the research in relation to the literature you have reviewed.. Motivation has a long history among states, ground forcess, offices and squads. Psychologically, human ecrus in hunt for grounds to execute any undertaking and he may happen it in faith, responsibility or cause. But for the grounds he has to be convinced about the action he is traveling to execute. It needs motive and encouragement. There is a batch of literature available on motive in signifier of theory X and Y, Malsaw ‘s theory of demand and hierarchy of demands. Similarly there are theories approximately leading as great event theory, trait theory etc to specify the function and nature of leading. Role of Leadership in motive is farther deliberated at that place. Robbins construct of motive, 1999 forwards the followerss ground for motive: All physical activity is preceded by mental action of some kind. All behavior is end directed and aims to accomplish some coveted province of personal businesss. Persons seek to maximize pleasance and minimise hurting and un-pleasantries. Similarly, Motivation can be considered as the rousing, way and care of human behavior toward achieving some end † ( Buelens et al. 2006 ) To increase motive among the employees D. McGregor ( 1960 ) finds two utmost logics. One as theory and the other as theory Y. harmonizing to theory Ten it is natural for human to dislike work and they will withstand the work whenever they will hold the chance. But in theory Y he finds that it is natural for human existences to work as they need nutrient and slumber. Merely motive they need is acknowledgment of their work. These both theories have their ain virtues and demerits. In leading theories, these are the leaders who perform motivation tools and are polar for the success of any organisation. Leader might be born or made but the common trait they must hold is their bid over their people and to procure their obeisance.4. Research Questions and AimsHere you should compose your research inquiries as they emerge from the background and critical literature reappraisal. Develop these into 3-5 specific research aims that begin with toaˆÂ ¦ and usage higher degree verbs e.g. to place, explore, measure, look into, explicate, depict, etc.Purposes and aim of the research:In this survey our chief focal point remains on the relationship between motivational degree of an organisation and function of leading. This survey is based on instance survey of UK police section and will stay chiefly focal point to the motivational theories being applied in UK constabulary section, leading theories being practiced and function theoretical accounts of the constabulary sec tion. In instance of these function theoretical accounts, we will look into their manner, theoretical accounts of leading, personal part toward the motivational degree of organisation and part in development of leading theoretical accounts and theories with specific mention to patrol force. In order to accomplish the intent and to avoid any divergence during the survey, following purposes and aims has been defined: Study the motivational degree of the employees in UK constabulary section as comparison to other forces and so far as possible a comparative analysis of UK police section ‘s motivational degree with a few others. Motivational theories and application of these motivational theories in constabulary section as comparison to other services which are working in the civil side and corporations. Leadership theoretical accounts and survey of the best applicable theoretical account of leading for a force like UK constabularies section Study and rating of function of leading in motive particularly in constabularies force Role theoretical accounts in UK constabularies and their imprints on the section In order to accomplish these purpose and aims, we will look profoundly in the established organic structure of literature in general and for constabulary and other armed forces in peculiar.Research inquiry:In order to maintain the survey focal point and consequence oriented, following research inquiry has been framed: Does the leading motives the employees to in accomplishment of professional and national responsibilities?5. Research PlanThis is the most of import subdivision. A clear description of the three stages of the Research Plan is required: Perspective/general attack Design for run intoing your aims Data Collection Methods What is the entree and trying scheme ( including sample Numberss ) ? How will the informations be analysed and presented? What are the restrictions of your research? Comment briefly on cogency, dependability and generalisability. Note: This subdivision is non meant to be a reappraisal of the literature on research methods by and large.Research methodological analysis:In our instance there are two research methods which might be applied as per literature of the research methodological analysis in order to specify the way and tools of research to continue farther. Choice of these methods is chiefly dependent on our purposes and aims defined for the intent of the survey. In visible radiation of these purposes and aims we have to choose the method as to positivism and interpretism. Interpretism is method to construe the occurrences traveling on around us and to explicate the same and really much applicable in explicating natural occurrences. On the other manus, positivism is believed to be applicable in all those instances where research worker wants to explicate the insouciant relationship between two dependent variables and aid in theory edifice procedure in the terminal. â€Å" Positivism has a long and rich historical tradition. It is so embedded in our society that cognition claims non grounded in rationalist idea are merely dismissed as a scientific and hence invalid † ( Hirschheim, 1985, p.33 ) In our research, we have selected the method of positivism being most applicable in our instance.Research Approachs:Research attacks are meant to specify the agencies and methods to carry on a research so that a concrete program for the executing of the research plan could be conducted in the most befitting mode. A research attack helps the research to travel for techniques of informations aggregation and analysis thereof, reading of consequences and a aid to border attendant theories. ( Collin & A ; Hussey, 2003 ) There are two types of attacks in this respect. One is qualitative and the other is quantitative. In researches where there are state of affairs and researches to specify and happen qualitative relationship between the two factors and inductive theoretical account of thought is followed. It is affirmatory instead than confirmative in nature. ( Saunders et al, 2007 ) . Whereas quantitative attack is chiefly meant to prove the hypothesis through experimental ways by agencies of facts and figures put into the established theorem to prove their cogency. Quantitative research is believed to be the best where quantifiable figures could be generated like natural scientific disciplines. In our research faculty, the best option as to near toward the research is qualitative method. In our research, we are aimed to attest the research inquiry as to avowal of relationship between two abstract things, i.e. , leading and motive and to prove relationship between the two. Quantitative attack emphasized on the confirmation of hypothesis through scientific methods like experiments and are often been used in scientific research particularly in natural scientific disciplines. In our instance, we have adopted the attack of qualitative research.3.3 Research Strategy — Surveies:In research doctrine, the basic parametric quantities of research attack, tools and methods have been discussed. Research scheme is the pant and package of that research design and it focuses on the choice of informations aggregation tools to look into the affair and to fulfill the purposes and aims of the survey already specified. As we have adopted for positive design of the research, maintaining i n position the qualitative attack, the appropriate manner of informations aggregation in this instance will be studies. My basic tool would stay interviews and studies.3.4 Data Collection method:Data Collection is the pivot for successful and consequence oriented research. A information compromised survey leads toward catastrophe and ailment founded consequences and it is hence emphasized by the research workers for a healthy and reliable informations aggregation activity in any research. Data are of two types: Primary informations and Secondary informations. Primary information is one which is collected for the first clip and is specific for the intent of survey. It is ever to the point and its aggregation Techniques corresponds with the purposes and aims of the survey. Whereas, in instance of Secondary informations, the information is collected ab initio for some intent other than the research. Secondary beginnings are available in signifier of statistical studies, electronic info rmation bases, libraries hunts, books, diaries etc. For the intent of this research chief focal point shall stay on primary informations aggregation through studies in signifier of questionnaire. However, wheresoever required, adequate aid from the secondary beginnings will be utilized to the best of this research.3.5 Strengths of the Methodology:The truth of consequences of a research predominately depends upon the methodological analysis adopted. No 1 can deny the importance of methodological analysis. It is the glass through which a research worker sees the truth behind the dust of intuition and goes beyond the universe of what and why ( Burks 2001 ) . Methodology adopted in this instance is based on qualitative research and conducted through the tool of Surveys. In this method, research worker has a direct entree to the individual under survey and all looks and behavior is known to him. Although, it would be subjective to cipher behavior of the topic under survey but in this instance disciplinary steps and extra information, if required, are possible to recover and to do the record heterosexual. As in this survey, study is to be conducted through questionnaire prepared for this intent but still the last inquiry is kept unfastened to measure the behavior every bit good extra information topics want to supply. The first manus cognition and accent on primary informations makes this survey dependable and intimate.3.6 Restriction of the methodological analysis:There is a factor of confidentiality which might move as confining factor for the survey.6. Ethical ConsiderationsWhat we are looking for here is a treatment of any ethical issue s raised by your peculiar proposal and how you propose to manage them. You will necessitate to admit and follow the There are no evident ethical issues foreseen to originate out of our proposal.7 Timetable and any particular resources requiredInclude a Gantt chart. Alert us to any peculiar jobs you are likely to confront.Time frame:ActivityFour Calendar month1234123412341234Read LiteratureTenTenFinalize AimsTenTenRead methodological analysis literatureTenTenProposalTenTenCase surveiesTenTenTenTenGather DataTenTenTenTenAnalyze informationsTenTenTenTenUpdate literature readTenTenDraft to supervisors FeedTenTenRevision DraftTenTenPrint & A ; BindTenSubmissionTen